The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a vital stabilizing ligament within the knee joint. It often injured during activities that stress the knee's range of motion, such as abrupt changes in direction, jumping, or direct impact. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and instability in the knee, often accompanied by a distinct "popping" sensation at the time of injury. Treatment options vary based on severity, ranging from conservative measures like rest and physical therapy for partial tears, to surgical reconstruction using grafts for complete tears. Proper diagnosis and rehabilitation are key to recovering knee stability and function.

The PCL plays a vital role in stabilizing the knee and preventing backward movement of the shinbone (tibia) in relation to the thighbone (femur). PCL tears often occur due to sudden, forceful impacts to the front of the knee, such as in car accidents or sports-related collisions. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg. Treatment varies depending on the severity of the tear and the individual's activity level. Conservative measures such as rest, physical therapy, and bracing may suffice for mild tears, while more severe tears might require surgical intervention to repair or reconstruct the ligament. Proper diagnosis and management are essential for restoring knee stability and function.

A meniscal tear is a common knee injury that involves the tearing of the meniscus, which are C-shaped pieces of cartilage located in the knee joint. The menisci serve to cushion and stabilize the knee, aiding in smooth movement and load distribution. Meniscal tears often occur during activities that involve twisting or pivoting the knee, and they can also result from degenerative changes over time. Symptoms include pain, swelling, stiffness, and a sensation of the knee "catching" or "locking." Treatment options depend on factors such as tear type, location, and severity. Conservative approaches like rest, ice, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications can be effective for mild tears. More severe tears might require arthroscopic surgery to repair or trim the damaged meniscus. Proper diagnosis and treatment help in restoring knee function and minimizing long-term complications.

Knee and Ankle osteochondritis is a condition where the cartilage and underlying bone within the joint become damaged or injured. It can lead to symptoms like pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the joint . In some cases, a piece of cartilage and bone may detach and cause joint locking. Diagnosis involves imaging and physical examination, and treatment options range from rest, immobilization, and physical therapy for mild cases to surgical intervention for more severe damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate care are essential to manage symptoms and prevent further joint deterioration.

Elbow ligament injuries involve damage to the ligaments that stabilize and support the elbow joint. These injuries often result from sudden impact, repetitive strain, or overextension of the joint. Common elbow ligament injuries include medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) sprains. Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Treatment options range from rest, ice, and physical therapy for mild injuries to surgical reconstruction for severe cases. Proper diagnosis and timely intervention are vital for restoring elbow function and preventing long-term complications.

There is detachment of anteroinferior labrum from the underlying glenoid after shoulder dislocation ,it may be associated with fracture of glenoid ( bony bankart). Patient may present with recurrent dislocation and pain . Managed by arthroscopic repair followed by rehabilitation protocol.

A SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) tear is a specific type of shoulder injury that involves damage to the labrum that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint. This tear occurs at the point where the biceps tendon attaches to the labrum. SLAP tears often result from repetitive overhead motions or sudden trauma, causing symptoms like shoulder pain, weakness, and a clicking sensation. Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination, imaging, and sometimes arthroscopy. Treatment options range from conservative measures like rest and physical therapy to surgical repair, depending on the severity of the tear and the individual's activity level. Proper management is essential to restore shoulder stability and function.

A rotator cuff injury refers to damage or strain to the group of four tendons and muscles that surround the shoulder joint, known as the rotator cuff. These injuries can result from overuse, repetitive motions, or sudden trauma, leading to symptoms such as shoulder pain, weakness, and limited range of motion. Rotator cuff injuries are common among athletes and individuals engaged in activities that involve frequent arm movements. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and sometimes MRI scans. Treatment options vary based on the severity of the injury and may include rest, ice, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications for mild cases, while more severe tears may require surgical repair. Early diagnosis and appropriate care are crucial for preventing long-term shoulder dysfunction.

Debilitating condition that results in shoulder pain and stiffness with limitation of shoulder range of motion affecting daily activities , can be managed by arthroscopic capsular release followed by physical therapy.